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- ***************************************************
- * C-5 cytosine-specific DNA methylases signatures *
- ***************************************************
-
- C-5 cytosine-specific DNA methylases (EC 2.1.1.73) (C5 Mtase) are enzymes that
- specifically methylate the C-5 carbon of cytosines in DNA [1,2,3]. Such
- enzymes are found in the proteins described below.
-
- - As a component of type II restriction-modification systems in prokaryotes
- and some bacteriophages. Such enzymes recognize a specific DNA sequence
- where they methylate a cytosine. In doing so, they protect DNA from
- cleavage by type II restriction enzymes that recognize the same sequence.
- The sequences of a large number of type II C-5 Mtases are known.
- - In vertebrates, there are a number of C-5 Mtases that methylate CpG
- dinucleotides. The sequence of the mammalian enzyme is known.
-
- C-5 Mtases share a number of short conserved regions. We selected two of them.
- The first is centered around a conserved Pro-Cys dipeptide in which the
- cysteine has been shown [4] to be involved in the catalytic mechanism; it
- appears to form a covalent intermediate with the C6 position of cytosine. The
- second region is located at the C-terminal extremity in type-II enzymes.
-
- -Consensus pattern: [DENK]-x-[FLIV]-x(2)-[GSTC]-x-P-C-x(2)-[FYWLIM]-S
- [C is the active site residue]
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL, except
- for M.MthtI.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: NONE.
-
- -Consensus pattern: [RKQGTF]-x(2)-G-N-[STAG]-[LIVMF]-x(3)-[LIVMT]-x(3)-[LIVM]-
- x(3)-[LIVM]
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL, except
- for M.AluI, M.HgaI 1 and 2, and M.HpaII.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: 13.
-
- -Note: in the first position of the pattern, most known Mtases have Arg or
- Lys.
-
- -Expert(s) to contact by email: Roberts R.J.
- roberts@neb.com
- Bickle T.
- bickle@urz.unibas.ch
-
- -Last update: June 1994 / Patterns and text revised.
-
- [ 1] Posfai J., Bhagwat A.S., Roberts R.J.
- Gene 74:261-263(1988).
- [ 2] Kumar S., Cheng X., Klimasauskas S., Mi S., Posfai J., Roberts R.J.,
- Wilson G.G.
- Nucleic Acids Res. 22:1-10(1994).
- [ 3] Lauster R., Trautner T.A., Noyer-Weidner M.
- J. Mol. Biol. 206:305-312(1989).
- [ 4] Chen L., McMillan A.M., Chang W., Ezak-Nipkay K., Lane W.S.,
- Verdine G.L.
- Biochemistry 30:11018-11025(1991).
-